Everything about K Nigsberg University totally explained
The
University of Königsberg was a
university in the
German city of
Königsberg,
East Prussia. Founded by
Albert, Duke of Prussia, in 1544, it was commonly known as the
Albertina. As a consequence of
World War II, the university was closed and was subsequently destroyed by British aerial bombing. Following the war and Soviet
ethnic cleansing of German citizens, Königsberg was annexed by the
Soviet Union and renamed Kaliningrad. The
Immanuel Kant State University of Russia (IKSUR) claims to maintain the traditions of the Albertina University.
History
Duke Albert of Prussia opened the Albertina in 1544 as a
Lutheran counterpart to the
Roman Catholic Cracow Academy; at the time, the
Duchy of Prussia was a fief of
Poland. The Albertina was the second oldest university in
Brandenburg-Prussia and comprised four colleges:
Theology,
Medicine,
Philosophy, and
Law. Its first rector was the poet
Georg Sabinus, son-in-law of
Philipp Melanchthon. Subsequent rectors included numerous Prussian royals, who had never been to the university.
In the 17th century, the university was known as a home to
Simon Dach and his fellow poets. Tsar
Peter I of Russia visited the Albertina in 1697, leading to increased contacts between
Prussia and the
Russian Empire. Notable Russian students of the university were
Kirill Razumovsky and
Mikhail Andreyevich Miloradovich.
In the 18th century, the university's rector was
Immanuel Kant, who never left Königsberg and whose grave is located on the premises of IKSUR. Its magnificent
botanical garden was inaugurated in 1811 during the
Napoleonic Wars. Two years later,
Friedrich Bessel established his outstanding observatory next door to the garden. Other university professors included such giants of world science as the philosopher
Johann Gottlieb Fichte (1806-07), the biologist
Karl Ernst von Baer (1817-34), the mathematician
Carl Gustav Jacobi (1829-42), the mineralogist
Franz Ernst Neumann (1828-76), and the physicist
Hermann von Helmholtz (1849-55).
In the 19th and 20th century, the university was most famous for its school of
Mathematics, founded by
Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi and continued by his pupils
Ludwig Otto Hesse,
Friedrich Richelot,
Johann G. Rosenhain, and
Ludwig Seidel. Later it was associated with the names of
Albert Einstein's teacher,
Hermann Minkowski,
Adolf Hurwitz,
Ferdinand von Lindemann and
David Hilbert, one of the greatest modern mathematicians. The mathematicians
Alfred Clebsch and
Carl Gottfried Neumann (both born in Königsberg and educated under Ludwig Otto Hesse) founded in 1868 the
Mathematische Annalen, which soon became the most influential mathematical journal at the time.
In 1862, the new building of the Albertina was inaugurated. The building was created in the
neo-Renaissance style by
Stüler. The facade was adorned by an equestrian figure in relief of Albert of Prussia. Below it were niches containing statues of the Protestant reformers
Martin Luther and
Philipp Melanchthon. Inside was a handsome staircase, borne by marble columns. The Senate Hall contained a portrait of Emperor
Frederick III by
Lauchert and a bust of
Immanuel Kant by
Hagemann and
Schadow. The adjacent hall ("Aula") was adorned with frescoes painted in 1870.
The Albertina library, which contained the municipal library in 1900, was situated on Dritte Fliess Strasse and contained over 230,000 volumes. Also on Dritte Fliess Strasse was the Palaestra Albertina, established in 1898 for the encouragement of the higher forms of sport among the students and citizens. Nearby were the government offices, adorned with mural paintings by
Knorr and
Schmidt. The university had 900 students in 1900.
On
August 17 1944, the university celebrated its 400th anniversary. During the nights of
August 26 to
August 29 1944, Königsberg was
extensively bombed by the
Royal Air Force. The historic inner city was devastated by the attacks, and 80% of the campus was destroyed.
According to the post-war
Potsdam Agreement in 1945, Königsberg was allocated to the
Soviet Union and the Albertina was closed. The new Kaliningrad Pedagogical Institute used the Albertina's campus from 1948-67, after which it received university status as the
Kaliningrad State University.
Notable alumni
» See also
Further Information
Get more info on 'K Nigsberg University'.
|
External Link Exchanges
Do you know how hard it is to get a link from a large encyclopaedia? Well we're different and will prove it. To get a link from us just add the following HTML to your site on a relevant page:
<a href="http://university_of_k__nigsberg.totallyexplained.com">University of Königsberg Totally Explained</a>
Then simply click through this link from your web page. Our crawlers will verify your link, extract the title of your web page and instantly add a link back to it. If you like you can remove the words Totally Explained and embed the link in article text.
As long as your link remains in place, we'll keep our link to you right here. Please play fair - our crawlers are watching. Your site must be closely related to this one's topic. Any kind of spamming, dubious practises or removing the link will result in your link from us being dropped and, potentially, your whole site being banned. |
